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The Jews write down the Torah, the earliest part of the text subsequently known to Christians as the Old Testament
The Essenes, a Jewish sect, withdraw from secular life to form monastic communities in the desert
Cement is in use for construction in Asia Minor, possibly developed first in Pergamum
Sumer develops as the first centre of Mesopotamian civilization
Vishnu, Shiva and Brahma emerge as India's trio of main gods, with the Vedic religion of the Aryans evolving into Hinduism
Hippocrates, on the Greek island of Kos, founds an influential school of medicine
A Persian rug, woven with a knotted pile, is placed in the tomb of a Scythian chieftain and survives to this day
The choros, originally danced in a circle by temple virgins, is the centrepiece of the developing Greek theatre
The earth's surface settles into a heaving turmoil of rock and water
Big Bang, an unimaginably large explosion from an unimaginably small particle - according to modern theory the first moment of the universe
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